Tuesday, January 25, 2011

Condolencemessage In Spanish

in Bierzo during the Modern Age (PART 2)


O ENSINO NA PROVINCIA DO BIERZO DURANTE O ANTIGO RÉXIME (2ª PARTE),

por Xabier Lago Mestre.



DOCUMENTACIÓN ESPECÍFICA SOBRE O ENSINO NA PROVINCIA DO BIERZO.
En 1578, por contrato notarial un veciño de Cacabelos obrígase con outro a ensinarlle “leer muy bien y write the letter and read a large flat regla enseñar rules add, subtract and guarismos and in Castilian, it was up to 24 real (...) "(Taken from Joseph A. Balboa of Peace Education in El Bierzo, P. 36). The city of Rio is in the area Cúa Galician speaker, but what matters is learning English to be the official language of the Crown of Castile.


Moreover, the ecclesiastical caste creates rural schools to promote their religious ideology Catholic. In the Bierzo Vilaboa coengo one of the Church of Santiago and general manager of the proceeds of their vote in Valladolid, Joseph Andrade Valcarce, "Natural feligresía of San Justo Villabuena (...)", unha escola fundamental. No written notarized founding correspondent, dated or March 19, 1793, as that between condicióis lemos do mestre are "on Wednesdays and Saturdays of each week children will learn only the Christian doctrine, the Catechism of Padre Astete, has the Pasqua, and the remainder by the Doctrino Instructed that to this end wrote Mr. Grantor (...) "and even" the Christian doctrine will be tested by referring catechism, and Escrivá answer some questions Ortographia, finally delivering on the most salient real forty trials and Seror dictament of judges (...) "(shot of Vicente Fernandez Vazquez: "Foundation in Santiago Villabuena" Bierzo magazine, 1993).

A work sink Santiago García priest "healing priest of this place Valtuille de Cima, this province of Bierzo (...)", perpetual scholarships, frank and generally for children of both sexes. In its document notes that "he conductor, as is ordained, should enseñar to read, write, count and spell and Castellana them every Saturday if Friday Some Saturdays from Ello fuese day fiesta de los apart for him recésit (...) Christian doctrine. " There is also reference to antipedagóxicos corporais punishment, "which are not unruly or mistreat each other in fact or in word, punishing them according to the quality of each Quando necessary, rather than the punishment I will be moderate, not used by palms is caused to chilblains; and that all are treated with love and affection as well as this tends to be more effective for children than punishment, the harshness and severity tend to make hateful and retract the study the boys of the school (...) "(Joseph A. Balboa de Paz, "A pious work on Sesame Street at the end of the Old Regime", Bierzo magazine, 2009).

school policy
PROL do Castelo.
Os reis do Século XVIII Borbóns shua dedicated to education policy to promote border lingua ao castelo Linguas other romances of Spain. So a decree of 8 outubro 1768 states that "the teaching of the alphabet, Latin, and rhetoric become castellan language generally is not practiced anywhere, looking for compliance and Justices respective Hearings, also recommended by the My advice to the Diocesan Regular Universities and Institutions for their strict observance and diligence in extending the general language of the nation for greater harmony (...). " As


Constitucióis of Grammar Estudo da city \u200b\u200bof Tui (year 1729) also insists on the issue in favor of the English language. "For young people regularly this kingdom are extremely bozales want to Minors mientras study urges that he hablen Language Castellano, y ello strives to cumplirlo, Check another suerte no entienden what is read y habla esplicado or After contruien with (...) cleansing "(" Article 13, Del mode hablar en el estudio y in the classroom in la Ciudad de Tuy). This same problem had the students Bercianos Galician-speakers who went to urban centers in the process of Castilianisation cases of Ponferrada, Villafranca or Astorga, to complete their studies.

O ensino two xesuítas
we performed in lingua latina, or use das Linguas restrinxindo romances. A Desta pedagóxica orderly regulation stipulates that "beware with particular rigor in the habit of speaking in Latin, execepto in those classes in which the disciples did not know. Therefore never be allowed to use the language disciples in regard to class, and even those who neglects descalifíquese this standard. So the teacher will always speak in Latin (...) "(Saavedra and Hortensio Peegerto Sobrado, The Age of Enlightenment. Culture and Everyday Life, Madrid, 2004). In Vilafranca do Bierzo Houba xesuítas center attached to shua expulsion from Spain.


But Frei Martín Sarmiento antigalega rexeita a school policy for antipedagóxica. "I have not read such a thing: forcing children to study a language is Latin qual other for them is dead qual is English, and to forget (the) language they sucked, and they are native, qual is the Galician (...). Let us be clear. For well you know a foreign language, better understand the hoes in their native language, and familiar speech (...). " I harshly criticized Ademáis penalties for falar galego, "most of the teachers (...) nor did the study of the Galician language, and punished children who drop some gallega voice the phrase, as if we had an dich (...) heresy. "


centralism SCHOOL harmful. The constitution
Seminar Astorga centralizes his seminary studies in the capital maragato, perxudicando the religious centers of the province of Bierzo. The monastery of St. Andrew of Espinareda protest in this case the year 1766. "Aunque to Establish the Conciliar Seminary in so dejará concurr of this study equal numbers of students, both from the Province of Vierzo as del Valle of the Kings and Other parts per hallarse less distant from him, that the city of Astorga and Serles less maintenance and su costoso Posadas, so never puedo conceptualization he Conciliar Seminary of the Diocese not only study creerse that VM. quiero deteriorate Others who have been so helpful and the evening in the successive (...) ". It is clear that the monastery Berciano claims its role in education towards the new centrality of the educational seminar of Astorga.

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Sunday, January 23, 2011

How Do I Know Im Getting Stomach Cramps?

AMERICAN FOUNDATION LA SANTIAGO DEL VIERZO (PART 2).


AMERICAN FOUNDATION OF SANTIAGO DEL VIERZO (2 nd part),

Lake
by Xabier Mestre.






EXPLORATION AND FOUNDATION OF SANTIAGO DEL VIERZO.


The city of Cuzco was the center of operations discoverers to Los Andes. In the highlands, according to Indian tradition, was the kingdom of Great Paititi. Territory of such endless riches a renowned El Dorado. Pedro de Candia was the first to attempt an assault on the Alto Madre de Dios province Opatari. Later it would be our Juan Alvarez Maldonado who would undertake the exploration of these mythical lands in August 1567. Leaving Cuzco, went through the course of Pilcopata, and at the confluence of the rivers with Piñi Tone, founded the town of Santiago del Vierzo (December 1567), in people's lands Mojos. In his forward to the continental interior, was the port of Buenavista, and on the Madre de Dios River, where he built a shipyard to build boats and so trace the main river and explore the region. In the plains of Toromona, mouth Beni River, made new explorations. On May 20, 1568 passed the confluence of the Manu River in the great river Madre de Dios, on the left bank, and made Capinare port, which made a covenant of friendship with the local chieftain. Juan Alvarez Maldonado intended to make settlement in the province of the Toromona.



But in the city of Cuzco was more waiting their turn to English explorations in the Andes in search of riches and fame. The restless Gómez Tordoya begged the viceroy to go in the Andean region, but was denied. While Juan Alvarez Maldonado, six years later, it was granted royal permission to scan. All this encouraged the rebellion Tordoya Gómez, which went towards Chuncho province, and even made camp Ymarama village lands. The immediate consequence was the confrontation with Captain Manuel Descobar, Juan Alvarez Maldonado subordinate, and that Gomez Tordoya. The war between the English favored the indigenous rebellion of chiefs of Toromona, Caranpuje, Caliper and Marupa.



Given the serious situation of widespread rebellion, between English and Indians against the English, Juan Alvarez Maldonado himself out of Cuzco to the aid of his captain Manuel Descobar (November 13, 1568). From the port of Buenavista, Juan Alvarez seeks assistance from the chief Tarano, but are harassed by people Cavanana, forcing them to leave the land of Aravane. The Indians kill Chunca Tordoya Gomez, Captain Descobar disappears, and Juan Alvarez Maldonado was taken prisoner and then be released and Callahuaya area, where Cuzco again defeated. The end result is the loss of the conquered lands to the strong pressure from the Indian rebellion. The various foundations in English populations of Santiago del Vierzo case can be considered destroyed.



EXPLORATION AND OTHER STORIES. Juan Alvarez Maldonado came
to perform three scans. The first, during the years 1567 to 1569, in which case the Vierzo Santiago. The second in 1572, in the territory of the great river Madre de Dios, while the previous year had to quell the rebellion of Tupac Amaru Inca. The final examination is in 1587, which founded San Miguel de Apolobamba aguachile Village land.



Juan Alvarez Maldonado himself had time to recount his adventures discoverers on "merit and service information ... entitled discoverer of Nueva Andalucía, Chunchos, Mojos and Paititi, accompanied by a list of his discovery (1570 -1629)" . As we see, the dates of their delay discoveries in 1570, when the foundation of Santiago del Vierzo occurred in 1567. The reason for this peculiar concealment may be the failure of the foundation berciana, because it failed to consolidate as many others who run similar fate to English interests. But Don Luis Ulloa if contains the reference to its early explorations, in his "List of the Day and discovery of the Manu River (now the Mother of God) by Juan Alvarez Maldonado in 1567, Sevilla, Printing C. Salas (1899), 53 pages. In addition, an "Exhibition of the Republic of Peru submitted to the Hon. Argentine Government in the trial (between Bolivia and Peru), 2009, 320 pages, notes that "not allude, of course, to the expeditions and discoveries of the sixteenth century, whose memories had been completely erased at the time of issue of the European pig. Itself so that no one remembered in this time of Juan Alvarez Maldonado, no one knew anything about the existence of Madre de Dios (...) "(page 106). Even we read that "in these maps is perceived that the hydrography of Alvarez Maldonado is now forgotten: the Madre de Dios and Beni pouring directly into the Amazon (...)" (page 263).



HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF LAND.
States Bolivia and Peru have played historically in this Andean country. The Bolivian department of La Paz has Larecaja provinces and Franz Tamayo. The village of Apolobamba Larecaja meets in 1773. Franz Tamayo Province, is Apollo capital. Juan Alvarez Maldonado remember that founded San Miguel de Apolobamba (also missing), the September 29, 1587, in the region of aguachile, 150 miles of Apollo. Apolobamba, belonged to the people of the province Chunchos. On the other hand, in the state of Peru has the department of Madre de Dios, which consists of 3 provinces: Manu, Tambopata and Tahuamanu, reminiscent of Madre de Dios rivers, Pilcopata and Manu, explored by Juan Alvarez Maldonado.

Bibliography.
-Vargas Ugarte, Rubén y Guerra, Margarita (1966), General History of Peru Viceroyalty 1551-1596.
-Soux, Maria Luisa (1991), Apolobamba Caupolicán, Franz Tamayo: History of a region of La Paz, Bolivia.
-MAURTUA, Victor Manuel (1906), Judgement of the boundary between Peru and Bolivia: Peruvian Test, Volume 6, Henrich Printing and Comp.
-SANTOS BARN, Fernando, Ethnohistory of the Upper Amazon.


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